Evolution of Hind!

[micro]

"I found this letter from my uncle, dirty and crumpled paper." So i write it. This letter i claimed "best" for the science.

According to encyclopedia brritannica and Encyclopedia islamia, the arabs themsleves are ignorant oh their own history of
the pre-slamic era. Its dubbed and ignored as the period of ignorance an darkness. A country that does not recognice its
own yesterday would be despised and condemned by its own tomorrow. This ignorance of the national past is their self wrought,
self taught and self-imposed ignorance. After the seventh century all images were smashed, scriptures were destroyed,temples desecrated, universities burnt, seats of culture ransacked and and all links with the past were broken.


Christus

Where did they get the name of Christ. It is derived from Krishna. Bengalies pronounces Krishna at Krishto. They chant Hare Kristho, Hare Kristho, Krishto Krishto, Hare Hare. They have names until today as Kristho Mukherjee, kristho Das, etc. In Sanskrit also N ( ) changes into T ( ) many times. Shat + Kon = (Hexagen) but Shat + Mukha = Shanmukha ( the six faced God Kartikeya or Subhrahmanya ) . A famous area of tata nagar (Bihar) India is called Bishtupura original being Vishnupura . Wil Durant, that famous historian of world civilisation admits, "India was the mother through the Buddha of the ideals enshrined in Christianity"

Arabia was the nearest and the best disciple of India Western side. Arabs learnt the Sciences of Mathematics and Astronomy from India. Indian numerals are still called Hindasa (learn from Hind). An interesting fact is that Arabic is a very fast written from the right to left. But writing speedily from right to left when they come to figures, their train starts moving in the opposite direction (writing numerals only left to right).

The numerals called Arabic Numerals are not Arabic in origin as they against the very nature and flow their language. An Arabic Scholar Al Zabar translated a book of Bij Ganit from Sanskrit. It was known as Algebra in European languages. When Arabs learnt about our "Gaja" they called Elephant in European languages. Similarly Chandan - Sandal , Kartan - kattan (Cotton), Sharkara - Shakhar ( Sugar) , Chaturanga-Shataranj (chess), Kapi-Kofu (monkey) , Kranaphul-Ka phul (clove) , Tamare-Hind (tamarind all proclaim the influence of India civilisation and language.

The spiritual and cultural influence is the best influence that a country can have over other countries. India has shared the flower of her cultured garden with all nations of the world without any political design what so ever. Indian Cultural influence over Arabia is challenging subject demanding deep and devoted research.


Anthology of Ancient Arabic Poetry
Sayar - Ul - Okul
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Maktabe Sultania (now called Maktabe Jamhurta) is the biggest library in the middle East , Istanbul (Turkey). In the Arabic section of that library there is a great rare book 'sayar ul okul' an anthopology of ancient Arabic Poetry. That anthology was compiled from an earlier work in 1742 A.D under the orders of Turkish ruler Sultan Salim. The pages of this hand written rare manuscript are made Hareer a kind of Silk use writng on, of most valuable books . each page of the book s embelished with a decorative golden border.

The first modern edition of this rare anthology was printed in Berlin in 1864. The second Edition of this book was published in Beirut, in 1932. In 1963 i found new edition of this anthology being edited for publication in Baghdad, when i was there in Baghdad University on a lecture - tour programe

The compiler of this great anthology is Abu Amir Abdul Asmai, who was a Court - Poet in the court of Khalifa of Baghdad Haroon - rashid and his honoured as the Kalidasa of Arabic Poetry.

1. Pre - Islamic Poets and their Poetry
2.Poets from the time of prophet Mohammed up to period Bani Umaiyya.
3. Ppoets from the period of bani Abbas up to the period of Khalifa Haroon Rashid (the compiler's own time)

The book containts an elaborate description of the ancient life religion and custom of the Arabs. The main shrine of Mecca has been described as the biggest temple of the biggest God "Mahadeva". The annual fair on the occasion of Shiva-Ratri was called 'Okaz'. There used to be Poetic symposium on that occasion also. The best poets were amply rewarded and their poems used to be inscribed on Gold sheets and decorated inside the sanctum-sanctorum of Kaaba. Poems of poets second and third in position, used to be inscribed on Leather Sheets, in Golden letters when Mecca was being ransacked by the followers of Hazarat Mohammed, one court poet of Hazarat himself named Hassan bin Sabiq. Kept aside some of the Gold leaf and leather leaf inscriptions. Thus saving the from destruction. His succesor in third generation took five gold leaf and 16 leather inscriptions to the great Scholar Abu Amil Abdul Asmai in the court of Haroon Rashid who was a great patron of art and literature in Baghdad. He got a fabulous prize for the same. On the basis of these and another such like records Sayar - Ul - Okul was compiled.

GLORY OF KING VIKRAMADITYA

About 165 years ago before Prophet Mohammed there was an Arab poet Jarham Bintoi who had been adjuged as the best poet in three succesive years in the annual fair of Okaz. he writes in his oem (recorded on Gold leaf) "Itra Shafai Santul Bikramatun, Karimun Yartafiah Vayo Vassaru. Bihillahay Samin Ela Mokatabbenaran, Bihillaha Yuhi Qaid Min Hova Yafakharu"

This Arabic poem in six lines freely ranslated in English prosesays : " Blessed are these who are born in the reign of the Great King Bikramaditya, who was the great donor religious minded and lover of the people. At that time our country Arab was absorbed in lust, quite oblivous of God Ignorance had spread its dark shadow in the whole of this country. Just as a lamb shrieks in the clutches of a wolf our nation was caught up in the clutches of stupidity. Because of ignorance we had forgotten the etiquette of the world. The whole country was in dark like the darkness of night of Amavasya.

But the new blessed dawn of knowledge that we find how is through the grace of that noble King Vikramaditya who did not deprive even foreigners like us of his eye of grace and send scholars of his nation here with the noble message of pious morality. These scholars shine like the sun in our country. By whose grace we have acquired knowledge and realisation of our forgotten God and became moral, those great man were sent to our country by Vikramaditya for propagation of knowledge and morality.

This poem is an sample evidence of the fact that India shared only the fragrance of cultured garden with the other nations without in any way touching their liberty.

GLORY OF GOD MAHADEVA

Another very important and revealing poem in that anthology Sayar-ul-Okul is by a great poet Umar Bin Hassham (poetic title Abdul Hiqma meaning father knowledge). In relation he was one of the uncles of Hazarat Mohammed, though not real uncle. He died a martyr at he hands of Muslim Fanatics who wanted to wipe out everything pre-Islamic. This poem was also adjuged as the best in the annual Okaz fair at Kaaba.

Qafa Vinak ziqra min alumin tav aseru
Qaluban ayatul hawa va tazakkaru

A man who has wasted away all his life in sin and immortality, passion and fury

Va tazake roha audan elavalvadae lilvara
valuk yane zatulla heyam tab aseru

if he repents in the end and wants to turn to morality is there a way for his redemption?

Va ahlolaha azahu armiman mahadev o manazel ilamuddine minhum va sayattaru

Even if only once he sincerely worships Mahadeva, he can attain the highest position in the path righteousness (Please mark the word Mahadev)

Va sahabi qayam feem qamil hinde yoman
va yaquloon latahazan fainnak tawajjaru

O! Lord! Take away all my life and in return pray grant me a single day stay in Hind (india) as a man becomes spirituality free on reaching that Holy land
Please note the words : sahab = lord , quayam = stay, quamil hindo = in Hind, yoman for a single yom (day)

Mayassayare Akhlaqan hasanan kullahum najuman aza`at summa gabul Hindu

By dint of pilgrimage of Hind a man attains the merit of noble deeds and gets the privilage of pious touch with ideal Hindu teachers.
Please mark that the words hind and Hindu were blessed words for the Arabs and they thirsted for a single day`s stay in India inreturn for all prosperity and even the whole of life.

ISLAM ONLY CHANGED VERSON OF THE ANCIENT HINDU FAITH

The book sayar-okul clearly mentions that the central deity in kaaba was huge black stone semi circular image called Mahadeva. The ida (puja or worship) of that God used to be one with leaves of date tree and the water of a pure and pious desert spring called Abe Zamzam

There were 360 Devas (Gods) in the outer periphery and Mahadeva (The Great God) in the center. The priest were Quraishes. Hazarat himself was a Qureshi. But as he was an illiterate camel driver he was not given his share in the big offerings gathered in the shrine. This obviously infuriated him and he deolared that from this moment he would became a 'But-Shikan' (idol breaker). Dr Maxmuller opines that the word BUT (meaning idol) has been derived from Buddha. There were idols of Buddha, the nine planets, Ganesha, Durga etc in the outer periphery. When there was a revolution in protest against idol breaking declaration of Hazarat Mohammed he left mecca and settled in Medina. When he was strong enough to attack Mecca, he prayed to Mahadeva 'If i get victory in Mecca i shall break all the other 360 Gods, but not break you, shall kiss you. How before you and perform your IDA (worship) with date leaves and water of Abe Zamzam. Since he was victorious (because night attack) he actually kissed, saluted and worshipped the Black Stone God. Namashta (Bowing eight times) has become Namaz. Black Stone God is called Sange Aswad.

Aswad is derived from the sanskrit word Asheeta (black) . Ida Griha (sanskrit) has changed into I`DGAH. Shiva Ratri has changed in to Shabe-Barat. Because of a sherter year (being Lunar Calender) Shabe Barat has shifted away from Shiva Ratri, meaning the same, the night marriage of Shiva with Parvati. The crescent on the Mukut of Shiva has been accepted as the national emblem of Arabia and of all Muslim Countries, decorated on their flags. Their Lunar Calederis also influence of Shiva worship. They count their day from sunset as night is the period when moon becomes visible. Their I`D festival also decided by a glimpse of the moon. The word mecca also appears to have been derived from the word Makha, meaning a Yajana (sacrifice). The words Alla and AKKA are vedic words for God. Shaving of heads at the time of Haj, taking baths and wearing two spotless white, seemless clothes (as Brachmachari does at the time of Sacredthread ceremony), seven perambulations round the main shrine, are all vividly Hindu customs.

Scholars are of the opinion that the word Kaaba is derived from the word Kavya, which is name and the tile of Kavi Shukracharya in all sanskrit lexicons. There are two traditions of Shiva worship. Those who want to worship Shiva for devine virtues of noble life, they worship Shiva on Monday the day of the moon (which is so dear to him that. He has made it as his crest jewel. Those who want to worship Shiva for wealth, power lust and ego, essential for plundering others (as done by Ravana, Tripasuara, Bhasmasura etc) they worship Shiva for Asuri Sanpada on Friday (Shukra Var) the day in the memory of Shukracharya, the priest of the Asuras. It is interesting coincidence that Arabs have selected Friday for their Congretional prayers.

GLORY OF GURU NANAK IN ARABIC INSCRIPTION
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On the outskirts of Baghdad i have discovered one tablet with Arabic inscription, about the historic visit of Guru Nanak in Middle East Country

it read:
KORAD MURAD ELDI HAZARAT RABBE MAJID BABA NANAK FAQUIR AULLA KE IMARTT JADID YAL YALA MILA DAYDAY VA BA QALADI TARIKHANE YAYADI
SAWABI IZRAEL AZ MURIDE SAYEED

DATED 917 HIJARI

Prince Murad saw the delapidated memorial to the memory of Guru nanak, who was a faquir, Aulia (All knowing, Hazarat (prophet) Rabbe Majid (The Great God). he got this memorial building (Imarat) renovated (Jadid) so that a record of history may be preserved and this disciple (who is getting the building renovated) may be the recipient of the boon of heavenly bliss.

When even the great man of India are also eulogised as Gods, what to talk of India which is the mine of great spiritual. Masters like Rama and Krishna, Buddha and Mahavira, Shankaracharya and Nagarjuna, Ashoka and Harasha, Nanak and Kabir, Vivekananda, Rama Tirtha, Ramakrishna, Maharshi Raman, Sivananda, Aurobindo, Tagore and Anandakumaraswami.

May healing light of this great tradition save mankind and lead humanity lightward and rightward

 

[ratmadi]

nice posting kk micro..
btw ada versi bahasa indonesia-nya ga...
alnya ada beberapa kalimat yg ga aku ngerti...
thanks,

 

[sakradeva]

keknya ada tuh dulu sempat saya dapat berupa stensilan

oh ya dibawwah ini ada ulasan tentang perkembangan ttg Hindu
mgkin nanti ada hal2 yg tdk berkenan dan perlu pengkajian qta lebih lanjut

Perkembangan Sekte ( sampradaya ) Hindu di Bali kaitannya dengan India

Mengenai sekte-sekte yang dulu pernah ada di Bali akan saya uraikan di bawah ini.
Purana Bali Dwipa mengisahkan, yang menyertai menyerang Raja Mayadanawa adalah sekte Bayu, Sambu, Brahma, Rudra, dan Mahesora. Keterangan ini sesuai dengan yang disebutkan I Wayan Warna dkk dalam buku Usana Bali Usana Jawa (1996). Sedangkan Dr R Goris dalam buku Sekte-sekte di Bali (1974) menyebutkan ada sembilan sekte yang dilebur dan dipersatukan Mpu Kuturan pada waktu pemerintahan Raja Udayana menjadi tiga, yaitu Siwa, Budha, dan Waisnawa. Kesembilan sekte itu adalah:
1. Brahmana. Di India disebut Smarta, tetapi sebutan Smrta tidak dikenal di Bali. Kitab-kitab Sasana, Adigama, Purwadigama, Kutara, Manawa yang bersumberkan Manawa Dharmasastra merupakan produk sekte Brahmana.
2. Bodha atau Sogatha, di Bali dibuktikan dengan adanya penemuan mantra Budha tipe yete mantra dalam zeal meterai tanah liat yang disimpan dalam stupika. Stupika seperti itu banyak diketahui di Pejeng, Gianyar. Menurut penelitian Dr WF Stutterheim itu merupakan mantra Budha aliran Mahayana yang diperkirakan sudah ada di Bali abad ke-8 Masehi. Terbukti dengan adanya arca Bodhisatwa di Pura Genuruan (Bedulu), arca Bodhisatwa Padmapatni di Pura Galang Sanja (Pejeng), arca Boddha di Goa Gajah, dan di tempat lain.
3. Bhairawa, sekte yang memuja Dewi Durga sebagai Dewa Utama. Pemujaan terhadap Dewi Durga di Pura Dalem yang ada di tiap desa adat di Bali merupakan pengaruh sekte ini. Begitu pula pemujaan terhadap Ratu Ayu (Rangda) juga merupakan pengaruh sekte ini. Sekte ini merupakan salah satu sekte wacamara (aliran kiri Tantra) yang mendambakan kekuatan magis dan bermanfaat untuk kekuasaan duniawi.
4. Ganapatya, kelompok pemuja Dewa Ganesa. Keberadaan sekte ini di Bali terbukti dengan banyaknya didapatkan arca Ganesa, baik dalam wujud besar maupun kecil. Ada dibuat dari batu padas maupun logam, tersimpan dalam beberapa pura di Bali. Fungsi arca Ganesa sebagai Wigna, penghalang gangguan. Karenanya, patung Ganesa diletakkan pada tempat-tempat yang dianggap bahaya. Ada caru dengan nama sama.
5. Pasupata, juga merupakan sekte pemuja Siwa. Bedanya dengan Siwa Shidanta terutama dalam cara pemujaan. Pemujaan sekte Pasupata menggunakan lingga sebagai simbol tempat turun atau berstana Dewa Siwa. Jadi, penyembahan lingga sebagai lambang Siwa merupakan ciri khas sekte Pasupata.
6. Rsi. Arkeolog R Goris memberi uraian sumir dengan menunjuk kenyataan, bahwa di Bali Rsi adalah seorang dwijati yang bukan berasal dari wangsa brahmana. Istilah dewarsi atau rajarsi pada orang Hindu merupakan orang suci di antara raja-raja dari wangsa ksatria.
7. Sora, memuja Surya sebagai Dewa Utama. Sistem pemujaan Dewa Matahari yang disebut Suryasewana dan dilakukan pada waktu matahari terbit serta terbenam, merupakan ciri penganut sekte Sora. Kalau sembahyang di pura mesti diawali dengan muspa ke Surya.
8. Waisnawa, di Bali jelas diberikan petunjuk dalam konsepsi agama Hindu, yakni tentang pemujaan Dewi Sri. Dewi Sri dipandang sebagai pemberi rezeki, kebahagiaan, dan kemakmuran. Di kalangan petani di Bali, Dewi Sri dipandang sebagai Dewa padi, yang merupakan keperluan hidup paling utama.
9. Siwa Sidantha, cabang dari Siwa. Walaupun Siwa Sidantha mempunyai pengikut terbanyak, tapi dalam peleburan kesembilan sekte di Bali itu, yang di putuskan adalah pokoknya, Siwa. Jadi, agama Hindu di Bali adalah Siwa, Budha, dan Waisnawa sesuai dengan keputusan pertemuan di Samuhan Tiga yang dipimpin Mpu Kuturan. Siwa, Budha, dan Waisnawa ini yang disatukan menjadi agama Hindu yang bersumber pada pustaka suci Weda.
Mengenai sampradaya di India, sejatinya gerakan Bhakti terjadi di India tahun 1200-1800 M. Saat itu India dikuasai dan dijajah Sultan Islam hampir seribu tahun, dari abad IX sampai abad XIX. Sejalan dengan perjalanan waktu, maka ide-ide Islam dan ajaran-ajaran Islam mempengaruhi pemimpin-pemimpin Hindu dan filsafat Hindu secara langsung dan tak langsung. Ide-ide Islam membantu tumbuhnya perkembangan gerakan yang liberal dan mengajarkan ajaran-ajaran monotheisme (percaya hanya pada satu Tuhan), anti terhadap penyembahan patung, dan semua orang adalah saudara dengan hak sama (manusia pada).
Pada zaman ini pula ditandai adanya perkembangan berbagai sistem dalam filsafat Hindu serta tumbuhanya berbagai mazab baru dalam agama Hindu, terutama dari golongan Waisnawa Wedanta melakukan Gerakan Bhakti (Bhakti Movement). Bhakti Movement yang muncul pada zaman ini menekankan ajaran mereka pada kesamaan hak dan kedudukan pada masyarakat (manusia pada), dan memegang teguh bahwa martabat manusia tergantung pada tindakan mereka. Bukan pada kelahiran. Ajaran Bhakti Movement yang penting adalah: harus percaya kepada Tuhan Yang Mahaesa; penyerahan diri secara tulus iklas (bhakti); pentingnya kedudukan seorang guru/swami/baba; percaya semua manusia adalah sama (manusia pada); mengutuk adanya adat agama yang palsu; dan mengutuk ajaran ber-tirtayatra. Guru Nanak adalah salah satu penganjur gerakan Bhakti, yang bergerak dalam bidang agama dan sosial. Guru Nanak merupakan seorang reformis mazab Waisnawa, bertujuan mengajarkan ajaran Waisnawa yang bebas dari praktek penyembahan patung, bebas dari kasta, dan bebas pula dari segala takhayul. Agama yang didirikan Guru Nanak dinamakan Sikh, bertujuan mempersatukan ajaran Islam dengan agama Hindu, sekaligus mempersatukan kedua umat beragama itu. Reformis terkenal lain bernama Kabir, mengajarkan agama berdasarkan cinta kasih, dengan tujuan mengembangkan persatuan antarasemua kasta dan agama. Ia menentang praktek penyembahan patung upacara agama dan yajna (korban suci), serta menekankan ajaran kesamaan hak di antara manusia (manusia pada).
Pemimpin paling terkenal Bhakti Movement yang semata-mata bergerak dalam bidang agama adalah Chaitanya. Chaitanya menyebarkan ajaran cinta kasih Krisna. Ajaran-ajarannya disebarkan berdasarkan kasih sayang, bhakti, nyanyian, dan tarian. Menurut Chaitanya, keadaan kebahagiaan yang luar biasa dapat direalisasikan, bisa dicapai dalam hubungan dengan Krisna. Setelah meninggal Chaitanya dipuja sebagai awatara Krisna. Sedangkan muridnya dianggap sebagai angsaawatara Krisna. Chaitanya disebut juga Mahaprabhu. Sedangkan guru-guru yang masih hidup yang meneruskan ajaran-ajarannya disebut dengan nama Goswami atau diberikan gelar Prabhu. Misalnya, Swami Bhakti Siddhanta, guru Prabhupada pendiri ajaran Hari Rama Krisna di New York, Amerika Serikat.
Mazab ini dari Amerika menyebar ke seluruh dunia termasuk ke India dan Indonesia. Di Indonesia mazab ini di sebut Hari Rama Hari Krisna atau Krisna Balaram. Raja Ram Moham Roy, pemimpin gerakan Hindu Modern yang disebut Brahmo Samaj, mendasarkan ajaran-ajarannya pada sintesa ajaran Wedanta (Upanisad) dengan ajaran Islam, Kristen, dan pemikiran liberal dari orang Eropa Modern, serta menentang pemujaan patung. Gerakan Hindu Modern yang datang kemudian (1800 sampai sekarang) berpandangan bahwa agama Hindu harus direformasi, apalagi ingin menghadapi penyerangan angresif dari agama-agama lain.
Prinsip-prinsip ajaran mereka, seperti: tak menerima upacara adat agama Hindu; menolak semua pelaksanaan agama Hindu yang tidak bersifat logis, seperti takhayul, magic, dan lain-lain; tak mau menerima adat istiadat yang kaku, yang kurang masuk akal di kalangan umat Hindu; menolak semua ajaran para pendeta yang tidak masuk akal.
Swami Dayanda Saraswati mendirikan gerakan yang disebut Arya Samaj. Ia yakin terhadap kebenaran Weda. Ia mengomentari kitab suci Weda secara keseluruhan berbeda sama sekali dengan komentar dari golongan tradisi (Smarta) maupun dengan golongan sarjana Indologi baik dari India maupun dari Eropa.
Swami Dayananda Saraswati mengatakan, setiap orang berhak membaca kitab Weda. Ia menekankan ajaran-ajarannya: menentang penyembahan patung; menolak adanya awantara; menolak kepercayaan kepada takhayul dan kekuatan gaib; menentang kebohongan kitab Smrti, termasuk kitab Itihasa dan Purana; menentang adanya kasta; menentang pelaksanaan yajnya (korban binatang); menentang pemujaan dan upacara untuk leluhur; menentang melakukan tirthayatra; mengakui setiap orang dari kasta apa pun bisa menjadi pendeta; menentang membuat dan mempersembahkan sesajen; dan menentang pembuatan kuil-kuil.
Arya Samaj ini mengatakan, guna membersihkan agama Hindu dari semua takhayul dan mendapatkan kebenaran sejati, hanya dapat dicapai dengan “kembali ke Weda” (go back to Veda).
Pemimpin terkenal lain Gerakan Revivalis, gerakan Hindu Modern, adalah Ramakrishna Paramangsha, guru Swami Wiwekananda. Ramakrishna Mission kemudian didirikan oleh Swami Wiwekananda untuk menghormati dan menyerbarkan ajaran-ajaran gurunya. Tidak seperti gerakan-gerakan reformis lain gerakan Hindu Modern yang muncul berdasarkan pemikiran para sarjana yang berpendidikan Barat, Rama Krisna adalah salah seorang revivalis yang muncul dari pemikiran secara tradisi dengan mencampur ajarannya dengan ajaran Islam, Kristen, dan lain-lain. Ia mendasarkan ajarannya sedemikian rupa karena menyadari, semua agama memiliki tujuan sama. Menurut dia, kepercayaan pada agama itu nomor dua. Terpenting adalah setiap orang akan menjadi suci apabila orang mempersembahkan dirinya sendiri kepada Tuhan berdasarkan cinta kasih dan melayani tetangganya dengan penuh kasih sayang. Apabila hal ini dilakukan, maka orang tak perlu beralih agama ke agama lain.
Persatuan dengan Tuhan harus dicari penganut Kristen menurut ajaran Kristen. Demikian pula tafakur pada Tuhan harus dicari orang Islam menurut agama dan kepercayaan Islam. Sedangkan untuk orang Hindu harus mencari menurut agama Hindu untuk dapat bersatu dengan Tuhan.
Gerakan Theosophy memberikan spirit sangat besar pada kebangkitan kembali agama Hindu. Hal ini sangat dirasakan pemimpin agama Hindu dan menyebarkannya secara luas, terutama pasca India merdeka. Mereka menyebarkan agama Hindu modern dalam wujud baru yang lebih segar dan berpandangan jauh berbeda daripada yang disebut Hindu Orthodoks (kuno). Mereka membuat berbagai asram untuk menyebarkan ajaran dan idenya dengan menafsirkan ajaran Hindu berdasarkan tafsiran mereka sendiri, kemudian mengolah dengan pandangan, cara, dan pola berpikir Barat, serta menurut pandangan Islam dan Kristen.
Sampradaya yang muncul setelah India merdeka ini adalah Sai Baba, Ananda Marga, Brahma Kumaris, Babaji, Radhaswomi Satsang, Mataji Shri Nirmala Devi, Shri Ravi Shankar, Swami Dhananjoy Des Kathia Babaji, Mata Amritanandamayi Devi, Sadguru Jaggi Vasudev, Bhagwan, Swami Chinmananda, Babaji Haidakhana dengan Chinmaya-Mission, dan lain-lain yang jumlahnya mencapai ratusan.
Adapun Krisna Consciousness atau Hari-Rama Hari Krisna yang juga disebut Krisna Balaram (di Indonesia ) muncul dan lahir di Amerika. Dari sini menyebar ke India, Indonesia, dan seluruh dunia. Hari-Rama Hari Krisna (ISCON) ini didirikan A.C. Bhakti Wedanda, lebih terkenal dengan sebutan Prabhupada.
Prof Dr Rao mengatakan, kini, dari semua gerakan pembaharuan yang tersebut di atas, beberapa di antara mereka ini ada yang masih berfungsi namun kekuatan, kegiatan, dan tenaganya sudah mulai berkurang dan tidak seperti dahulu ketika awal dirintis. Setelah itu mulailah sampradaya mencari daerah-daerah baru di luar India. Di sana orang-orang asing memberikan sokongan kuat, baik moral maupun meterial.
(Tulisan Tjok. Rai Sudharta pada majalah Sarad Bali )